Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
What Is It?
Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men, causing lower urinary tract symptoms: weak stream, urgency, frequency, nocturia, and incomplete bladder emptying.
How Is It Diagnosed?
IPSS questionnaire, digital rectal exam, PSA, urinalysis. Uroflowmetry and post-void residual if indicated.
How Is It Treated?
Mild-moderate: watchful waiting, lifestyle (fluid restriction at night, bladder training). Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin, doxazosin). 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) for large glands. Surgery (TURP) for severe cases.
Tests and Imaging Typically Needed
PSA, urinalysis, BMP (creatinine), IPSS score, post-void residual ultrasound, uroflowmetry.
Approximate Self-Pay Costs
Office visit: $95-$150. PSA: $20-$40. Tamsulosin (generic): $5-$15/month. Urology referral if refractory.